THE INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY (INA)

 THE INDIAN NATIONAL

ARMY (INA)

• The Indian National Army led by Subhash Chandra Bose was in cooperation with the Japanese.

• Subhash Chandra Bose, after founding the Forward Bloc, in January 1941, escaped from India and went to Berlin (Germany) via Moscow.

• Subhash Chandra Bose, who had escaped from his confinement in Calcutta in 1941 formed the Indian National Army in 1943, in Singapore, along with Rash Behari Bose.

• The Azad Hind Fauj as the INA was aimed at a military campaign for the liberation of India.  The INA consisted mostly of Indian soldiers of the British Army who had been taken prisoners by the Japanese after they had conquered the British colonies in South-East Asia.

• INA  had three fighting brigades named Gandhi, Azad and Nehru.  Even a women’s regiment named the Rani Jhansi Regiment was formed.

• In July 1944, Subash Chandra Bose asked for Gandhi’s blessings for India’s last war of independence.  Subhash Chandra Bose who was now called Netaji by the soldiers of the INA gave his followers the battle cry of ‘Jai Hind’.   Subhash Chandra Bose also gave the slogan ‘Dilli Chalo’.

• The last echo of the INA movement was heard when the INA prisoners were tired at the Red Fort in Delhi and were defended by a panel of lawyers which included Tej Bahadur Sapru, Bhulabhai Desai and Jawaharlal Nehru.

• Rangoon and Singapore were the two INA headquarters.

• 12th November, 1945 was celebrated as INA day.

TOWARDS THE DOMINION STATES

Rajagopalachari Formula

• C. Rajagopalachari (CR) the veteran Congress leader, prepared a formula for Congress-League Cooperation. It was an acceptance of the league’s demand for Pakistan.  

The main points in CR plan were as follows

Muslim League to endorse Congress demand for independence.

League to cooperate with Congress in forming a provisional government at centre.

After the end of the war, the entire population and Muslim majority areas in the North-West and North-East of Indian decide by plebiscite.

In case of acceptance of partition agreement to be made jointly for safeguarding defence, commerce communication etc.

The above terms to be operative only if England transferred full powers to India.

• Jinnah wanted the Congress to accept the Two Nation Theory.  He wanted only the Muslim of North-West and North-East to vote in the plebiscite and not the entire population.  Hindu leaders led by VD Savarkar condemned the CR Plan.

WAVELL PLAN AND SIMLA CONFERENCE (1945)

In may 1945, Lord Wavell, the Viceroy of India,went to London and discussed his ideas about the future of India with the British administration.  The talks resulted in the formulation of a plan of action that was made public in June 1945.  The plan is known as Wavell Plan.

Wavell Plan

• The plan suggested reconstitution of the Viceroy’s Executive Council in which the Viceroy was to select persons nominated by the political parties.  Different communities were also to get their due share in the council and parity was reserved for Caste-Hindus and Muslims.

• While declaring the plan, the Secretary of State for Indian Affairs made it clear that the British Government wanted to listen to the ideas of all major Indian communities.

Simla Conference

• To discuss these proposals Wavell called for a conference at Shimla on 25th June, 1945.  Leaders of both the Congress and the Muslim League attended the conference, which is known as  the Simla Conference.

• However, differences arose between the leadership of the two parties on the issue of representation of the Muslim community.

All this resulted in a deadlock.  Finally, Wavell announced the failure of his efforts on 14th July, 1945.

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