STATE & NATIONS
There are different ways, regarding the first emergency the greek used the word ‘Polis’ which correspond mostly in the english term ‘state’. The Greeks used the word ‘polis’ for city, state. The Romans used the term ‘CIVITAS’. It also means that small thing. The modern term state has been derived from status ‘Nicolo Machiavelli’ (1469-1527). First of all to be seen to have used the term state in political science thus it becomes very (clear that the term state was not) very popular till 6th century. The concept of a modern state was not known to the people living in a greater part of middle age. In the course of time, the concept became popular and acquired the neutral sense of authority to pure simple or constitution whatever it.
DEFINITION OF STATE
Aristotle:
Aristotle defines the state as ‘A union of families and villages or its end a perfect and self-sufficing by which we have a happy and honourable life.
Bluntschli:
According to Bluntschi ‘A state is politically organised for the people of defined territory.
Lasky:
According to Lasky “A territorial society divided into Govt and subjects claiming within its allotted physical area, as superior to other institutions.
Woodrow Wilson:
According to woodrow wilson the state is people organised for law within specific territory.
Garneer:
He defines state as a community of personal permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, independent or nearly or externally independent and possessive and organised Govt which that great body of Inhabitant to render original obedience.
Elements of the State:
Population 2. Government 3. Territory
4. Sovereignty
Population:
Population is a primary characteristic of the state. It is an event that there can be no state with not in. The population of the state should be fairly large. Of course, it is possible to lay down any standard rooms as to the number of people that form a state. Plato said that an-ideal state should have 5040 citizens. Rousseau “An ideal state should have a population of 10000. He thought that “a small state professional is stronger than a large one”. Aristotle avoided this mathematical concern and said that the population of a state should not be less than 10,000 and more than hundred thousand but it should be remembered that Plato and Aristotle lived in the era of small city states. Today there are states with populations varying from a few thousand.
Territory:
No state can be farened without a definite and fixed territory. Nomads or wondering who had no permanent residency do not form a state even citizens and civilization people the jews did not possess a state till the formation of is real. They were scattered all over the world as in the case population no limit is fixed for the territory of a state. The modern age territory also includes water, River, Sea and Air.
Government:
Government is said to be the brain of the state for the extent of the state government is its dispensable and necessary and assemblage of people permanently settled in fincid territory cannot consistent a state in the absence of Government. The Government is the political organisation through which the general will of the PPI is formulated, expressed and executive. As a matter of facts the state operates through the Government agency. It is the agency through which society is politically organised. In the absence of a government there will be anarchy. The Government function through its three organs
*Executive
*Legislature
*Judiciary
The executives rule over the Country and execute the laws. The legislature makes the laws which are interpreted by the Judiciary. Those who violate the loss are also punished; no particular type of Government can be considered essential. Democracy is popular in India, Japan, America, England, France, Canada and France. The dictatorship of commused for the popular in commused countries like Russia, China, Hungary, Poland, Menareky is found in Nepal ‘Government may be classified 1. Parliamentary
2.Presidential
3.Unitery
4.Fidesal
Sovereignty:
The last essential constituent of the state is sovereignty. Which is regarded as the like of soul. There can be no state without sovereignty. The item sovereignty is derived from the Latin word “Superances” which means supreme. It, therefore, is the supreme power. It is this power which states from all other associations.The state should be supreme in the internal and external matters. Sovereignty of the state is expressed through the government which rules supreme in internal and external spheres viewed internally; it means the state is largely independent of foreign domination.
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