STATE & GOVERNMENT

         STATE & GOVERNMENT

STATE & GOVERNMENT

• The State has four elements: population, Territory, Government, Sovereignty.  Government is a narrow concept and is an element of state.  It is carried out by some of the people of the state.  It is correctly said that the state is an organised component in which the government is a part.   

• Government is an agent of the state , that is why in a democracy it is considered as the servant of the state master.

•  Government is compared with the brain of the state, what the brain is to the man, the government is to the state.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STATE AND SOCIETY

• The state is also distinguished from society the following are some of the differences between state and society. 

• Society is defined as “a collection of individuals held together by certain enduring relationships in pursuing common ends.  The state on other hand is defined as a particular portion of society politically organised for the protection and promotion of its common interest.  Thus, a state is a part of society; the state is necessarily a political organisation, but society is not.      

• A society regulates all forms of social contact but the state regulates only the external relationship of man and society while the state derives its strength mainly from laws and society duties its strength from tradition customs and convention.  

• The state possesses the power of cohesion.  It has well defined territory on its own.  BUt society is not limited (divided) to any geographical area.  The jews for example constitute a society spread all over the world.  As is the case with Hindu society or christian society.  The society may be narrower or broader that the state there may be a society values without a state. 

• The state is a compulsory organisation whereas society is a voluntary organisation.  In Spite of the above differences, the state and the society have some common features.  The state and society sometimes include practically the same person and in most cases the overwhelming majority of the members of the society may be included in the same state.  Hence, the state and the society hand in hand.  They help each other progress in society depending upon the progress of the state and working of the state is influenced by social customs and traditions.  Barker has summed up the distinction between state and society “ state and society overlap, they blend, they borrow from one another.  But roughly he may say that the area of one is voluntary cooperation, its that of goodwill its method that of elasticity while the area of the other is that of mechanical action, energy, force its method, rigidity.    

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STATE AND ASSOCIATION

• The state has a definite territory.  It may be big or small but it must have fixed boundaries.  An association on the other hand may be limited to a small locality or it may be international in its scope.  Membership of the state is compulsory but that of an association is optimal.

• A man is born in the state and cannot withdraw from membership of the state; one can easily withdraw from the membership of any association. Example: Red Cross.

• The membership of the state is singular; one cannot be a member of more than one state simultaneously.  But one may be a member of more than one association.  The state possesses sovereignty.  Its sovereignty is legally absolute and supreme.  Its laws are obligatory and baged by physical force.  No other association is sovereign.  There are limited organisations to achieve limited purposes.  The state on the other hand represents the society as a whole.  It maintains law and order and protects individuals from external aggression.  

• The state is more or less permanent and is not easily subject to dissolution but an association may be dissolved at any time on any ground.  An association may be dissolved due to internal differences among its members or when it purpose are fulfilled.  While associations are temporary, the state continues for all times to come.

• The state is national in character and general principle in “one Nation and one State” Association may be local, National or International.

• The function and activity of the state is wider than those of associations.  An association is created for specific purposes; its function is limited for eg: A religious association confines its activity to the spread of religion.  But the activity led to the spread of religion.  But the activity of the state is unlimited and the functions of the state are increasing day by day.  The function day of state is in numberable.  While a state is broad and universal organisation associations are limited in their activities.

• The state is the supreme association in the society.  It controls all the activities of other associations.  It may impose limitations on other associations.  Associations cannot grow against the state; the state is like an elder brother to other associations.  That is why it is said “The state is an association of associations according to ‘Barker’.  “The state as a general and embracing institution of life, must necessarily adjust the relations of associations to itself, to other associations to their own members”.

• The concept of rights provides for an essential tool of analysis of the relations between individual and the state. 

• The state claims authority over the individual, but the state is viewed as an instrument of society.

• The rights came into picture only when the authority of state to be limited or when individuals and their groups demand a positive role of state.

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