NON-MILITARY TECHNOLOGY

                                     NON-MILITARY 

TECHNOLOGY

Non-military Technology

Agriculture

Agriculture technology refers to technology for the production of machines used on a farm to help with farming.  Agricultural machines have been designed for practically every stage  of the agricultural process.  They include machines for tilling the soil, planting seeds, irrigating the land, cultivating crops, protecting them from pests and weeds, harvesting, threshing grain, livestock feeding, and sorting and packaging the products.  People who are trained to design agricultural machinery, equipment, and structures are known as agricultural engineers.

Architecture

Architectural technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the construction of buildings and other structures.  The following are common examples of architectural technology.

Dual uses

Sensor Technology

A sensor is a device that can represent aspects of the physical world as data in real time.  There are thousands of different types of sensors that are used in scientific equipment, electronics, transportation, robotics, security devices and infrastructure such as smart cities.  Many sensors have become inexpensive meaning that they increasingly make appearances in everyday items.  The following are a few examples of common sensors.

Agricultural revolution

The term agricultural revolution refers to the radical changes in the method of agriculture in England in the  17th and 18th centuries.  There was a massive increase in agricultural productivity, which supported the growing population.  The Agricultural Revolution preceded the Industrial Revolution in England.  During the Agricultural Revolution, four key changes took place in agricultural practises.

They were enclosure of lands, mechanisation of farming, four-field crop rotation, and selective breeding of domestic animals.  Prior to the agricultural revolution, the practice of agriculture had been much the same across Europe since the Middle Ages.  The open field system was essentially feudal.  Each farmer engaged in cultivation in common land and dividing the produce.

From the beginning of the 12th century, some of the common fields in Britain were enclosed into individually owned fields.  This process rapidly accelerated in the 15th and 16th centuries as sheep farming grew more profitable.  This led to farmers losing their land and their grazing rights.  Many farmers became unemployed.  In the 16th and 17th centuries, the practice of enclosure was denounced by the Church, and legislation was drawn up against it.  However, the mechanisation of agriculture during the 18th century required large, enclosed fields.  This led to a series of government acts, culminating finally in the General Enclosure Act of 1801.  By the end of the 19th century the process of enclosure was largely complete.

Great experiments were conducted in farming during this period.  Machines were introduced for seeding and harvesting.  Rotation of crops was introduced by Townshend.  The lands became fertile by this method.  Bakewell introduced scientific breeding of farm animals.  The horse-drawn ploughs, rake, portable threshers, manure spreaders, multiple ploughs and dairy appliances had revolutionized farming.  These changes in agriculture increased food production as well as other farm outputs.

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